Objective evaluation method using multiple image analyses for panoramic radiography improvement

Abstract Introduction In the standardization of panoramic radiography quality, education and training beginners on radiographic imaging are important. We evaluated relationship between positioning error factors multiple image analysis results for reproducible radiography. Material methods Using a system dental phantom, reference images were acquired Frankfurt plane along horizontal direction, midsagittal left–right canine forward–backward plane. Images with errors 1–5 mm shifts forward– backward direction 2–10° rotations (chin tipped high/low) vertical (left–right side tilt) directions The cross-correlation coefficient angle difference occlusion congruent profile images, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), deformation vector value by deformable registration compared evaluated. Results coefficients occlusal profiles showed greatest change in chin high became negatively correlated from 6° rotation (r = −0.29). tended to shift substantially increasing error, an 8.9° 10° low image. PSNR was above 30 dB only 1-mm shift. owing largest value. Conclusions Multiple analyses allow determine contributing may enable correction. This study based phantom can support regarding